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PALS has strong evidence of effectiveness for elementary school mathematics. The two qualifying studies included in this review showed effect sizes of +0.10 and +0.24. |
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PALS has insufficient evidence of effectiveness for middle/high school mathematics. The one qualifying study included in this review showed an effect size of -0.30. |
In PALS, children work in pairs to learn mathematical concepts with each other. Children alternate every 15 minutes as tutor and tutee, using specific strategies for correction procedures. PALS is used as a supplement to traditional textbook-based instruction approximately 30 minutes a day, three times a week.
For more on the reviews of PALS, read the BEE reviews of elementary mathematics and middle/high school mathematics.
For more information on PALS, visit kc.vanderbilt.edu/pals or e-mail [email protected].
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PALS has strong evidence of effectiveness for beginning reading. Across six qualifying studies, the weighted mean effect size was +0.44. |
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PALS has limited evidence of effectiveness for upper elementary school reading. The one qualifying study included in this review showed a mean effect size of +0.36. |
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PALS has limited evidence of effectiveness for middle/high school reading. The three qualifying studies included in this review showed a weighted mean effect size of +0.15. |
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PALS has strong evidence of effectiveness for struggling readers. The four qualifying studies included in this review showed a mean effect size of +0.49. |
PALS uses a technique in which children work in pairs, taking turns as teacher and learner, to learn a structured sequence of literacy skills, such as phonemic awareness, phonics, sound blending, passage reading, and story retelling.
For more on the reviews of PALS, read the BEE reviews of beginning reading, upper elementary reading, middle/high school reading, and struggling readers.
For more information on PALS, visit kc.vanderbilt.edu/pals or e-mail [email protected].
For other reviews of research on education programs, see the Best Evidence Encyclopedia homepage at www.bestevidence.org. |
